Art of making types and type-bars.



F. H. RICHARDS. -AB.T- OF MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1901. RENEWED SEPT. 11, 1909.

91 9,230. Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

'2 SHEETB-BHBET 1.

ru: NORRIS FETIRS co, WASHINGTON, n. c.

- WQ WM F. H. RICHARDS. ART OF MAKING TYPES AND TYPE BARS. ABPLIOATION FILED MAY 7. 1901. REIFBWED SEPT. 11, 1908. I v v 91 9, 230 Patented A 0, 1909.

17 I fj fi UNITED STATES PATENT OFFCE.

FRANCIS H. RICHARDS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, 'lO AMERICAN TYIOGRAPHIC CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ART OF MAKING TYPES AND TYPE-BARS.

Application filed May 7, 1901, Serial No. 59,099.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, FRANCIS H. Rronnnns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Making Types and Type-Bars, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the art of making wrought or forged types individually and as combined in a succession of the same on a typebar or aline of type.

There is described and claimed in an application, Serial No. 79,359, filed by me October 21, 1901, and co-pending with the present application, certain improvements in methods of forming wrought types upon the edge of a blank, which improvements, briefly stated, involve the impartation of a relative subsidiary movement to the type making members (that is, the blank and the type-forming die) which movement operates in conjunction with the ordinary feeding or compressing movement of one member against the other to facilitate the production of a complete and satisfactorily formed type. Such relative subsidiary movement, as set forth in the application referred to, may be a simple oscillatory movement from side to side, either about a fixed axis or else this movement may result in a motion of one of the members relatively to the other along a cycloidal path similar to that traced by a point in the circumference of a circle as it rolls to and fro over a surface either straight or curvedthe geometrical path traced by the member lying at or adjacent to the cusp of the cycloid. As a result of these combined motions, that is, a motion to compress the die and blank against each other and a relative to and fro motion, the surplus material is rolled sidewise beyond the edge of the blank and the type is formed gradually and by a progressive operation, as'fully set forth in the specifications forming part of the aforementioned application. it hen such subsidiary motion takes place about a fixed axis, and this axis extends longitudinally of the blank, and is located in or adjacent to the impression face of the completed type, there is, evidently, during the operation of type forming, a slight to and fro lateral movement of the extreme edge of the blank under the compression of the die, since the common level of the upper or impression Specification of Letters Patent.

Renewed September 11, 1908.

Patented April 20, 1909.

Serial No. 452,663.

faces of the types is somewhat below that edge. Such lateral motion, however, gradually decreases in extent as the die advances into the blank and approaches the axis of oscillation. That is to say, during a portion, at least of the period in which a type is being formed, there is a sidewise movement of the upper edge of the blank and a coincident, but greater, movement of the lower edge thereof; this motion, in the instance referred to, resulting from a simple motion about a fixed axis. Such motion, however, may be attained. as a result of compounding divers motions imparted to the blank, and the present invention relates, in general, to a method of forming types embodying more than one extraneouslyimparted motion of the blank, and producible as a result of giving to one edge of the blank an oscillatory motion and to the other edge a similar mo tion, but independent of the first, whereby the point or surface of application of the die to the mass within is constantly changing.

In manufacturing types and lines of type by the present method, the Working movement to which the material is subjected at each die operation results from the oscillation of one of the type-making members about an axis which itself is shifted laterally to and fro during such oscillation and while the members are pressed together.

In the drawings accompanying the present specification, Figure 1 1s a top view of a typebar made according to my present invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the bar. Fig. 3 is partly an elevational and partly a sectional view, upon a somewhat enlarged scale, representing a portion of a typebar-blank provided with a number of types and showing a die in the position it 00- cupies during the typeforming operation, the type being in a partially formed condition. Fig. 4 is an end view of a portion of a typebar-blank, showing a type-block formed thereon, the die indicated mainly in section, being shown somewhat above its type-forming position. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are partly sectional and partly elevational views on the same scale as Fig. 4, representing the relation existing between a working die and a portion of a blank at various stages in a type-forming operation, the die in Fig. 5 having entered somewhat into the edge of the oscillating blank, as indicated by the dotted converging lines in that figure, while in Fig. 9 the oscillation has decreased in extent and the parts are shown in a position just prior to the completion of the type. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view exhibiting the relation existing between the transverse feeding movement and the oscillatory movement imparted to the blank, the varying lengths of the lines in this figure indicating the variations in the extent of the oscillating movement occurring during the period in which the blank and die are fed against each other and a type is made. Fig. 11 is partly an elevational and partly a sectional view, representing certain parts of a mechanism, particularly adapted for the carrying out of the present improvements. FigIlZ is a longitudinal section, parts, however, being shown in elevation, of certain portions of the mechanism indicated in Fig. 11.

Similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In carrying out my present invention, I subject each type-formable portion of the blank to repeated actions, which, for the purpose of producing symmetrically formed types, are preferably alternated from side to side of the mass. These repeated actions result in the gradual reduction of the typeblock to shape and are of such character that they operate to strengthen and finish the base portions of the type-block where the latter connects with the body of the blank and to condense and compact the impression and other faces of the type besides operating to satisfactorily fill the angular portions and. hair-line spaces of the diecavity.

In carrying out my present improvements, the type, it may be stated in a general way, results from the operation of a suitable typeforming die upon a blank forced one against the other to cause the penetration of the latter by the die. The blank, designated in a general way throughout the present specification and drawings by B, may be of any material suitable for the purpose, as for instance, type metal of proper composition brought into the requisite or-desired shape in some suitable wayfor example, by casting, rolling or otherwise. I find, however, that a process for so operating on the material as to produce a substantially wrought blank as distinguished from a condition resulting from the casting of the same to shape, or at least a blank having that portion or those portions wrought which are concerned in the formation of the several type-blocks, is best suited to the carrying out of the present improvements. Moreover, the blank upon which the types are to be formed may be a continuous ribbon or red, or it may be in the form of separate pieces each having a length substantially equal to the length of a finished typebar. In effecting the penetration of the material of the blank. by the die it is immaterial whether the movement, which I may designate as a transverse feeding movement, is imparted to the blank or die, or to both, but I find it convenient to feed the blank against the die. This rectilinear movement of the die and the blank toward each other is not the only movement utilized, in carrying out my present improvements, for facilitating the filling of the die cavity, for disposing of the excess or surplus material separated or sheared from the typeblank during the type-forming operation and for producing a dense and compact condition of the various surfaces, but in combination "with this movement there is a subsidiary movement imparted to one or both members which combined movement operates to produce a type gradually and by a series of reductions accomplishing, additionally, the coincident working out of the surplus or excess material.

The subsidiary movement adverted to, operates in conjunction with the aforesaid transverse feeding movement to force ex cess material away from adjacent type, that is, crosswise or laterally of the blank, and for further protecting the already formed type I may use a wall or plate adapted to enter into the comparatively narrow space between the finished type at the rear and the material under the working-die in which position it is located during the typeforming operation, serving as a retaining surface against which the moving material or flowage is received, and by which its motion is directed. Such an instrumentality is shown in the present drawings, but its purpose and operation is more fully set forth in an application, Serial No. 79,360, filed by me on the 21st day of October, 1901, this forming no particular feature of the present invention.

The foregoing subsidiary movement operating to gradually form a type and work excess material outward transversely or crosswise of the blank, preferably reverses in di rection alternately, for the reason that such alternating motion is conveniently attained and best adapted to produce a symmetrically formed type. In other words, a relative to and fro lateral movement is imparted to the members (the die and the blank) during the period of type-forming, and for the production of this relative motion I find it convenient to oscillate the blank by imparting such motion to a suitable work-holder in wl'iich the blank is supported. Good results being attained in the character of the types produced by making this oscillatory movement take place about a fixed axis, although the present invention is by no means limited in its scope to an oscillation about a fixed axis, as the oscillation may be of different character, I have represented in Figs. 11 and 12,

in a conventional way, a portion of a holder designated by H, having a blank supporting slot h, and which may be oscillated about an axis extending lengthwise of the holder, the construction for permitting this comprising suitable supporting devices, a stud 72, being here shown as indicative of such. a device. Preferably, the aXis of oscillation defined by the supporting studs, will be arranged in or immediately adjacent to the level of the types when finished. The limits of this oscillatory movement of the holder H and its contained blank are indicated in a general way by the dotted lines a, x, in Figs. 5 to 23, inclusive, converging toward the upper edge of the blank. The direction, rapidity, extent, etc., of these movements-that is, the transverse feeding movement and the oscillatory movement and the relation of these various factors to each other as well as the relation of the two specified movements, one to the other, may be varied in any desired manner. The duration of the oscillatory movement may be embraced, for instance, within the limits of the period during which the members are fed against each other, but preferably the oscillation will commence after the type has been partially formed and cease just before the feeding terminates. This is illustrated in a diagrammatic way and on an enlarged scale in Fig. 10, in which the length of the line y, y, indicates the distance which the die is fed into the blank as compared with the relative oscillatory move-- ment. It will be further noticed from this figure that the oscillatory movement rapidly increases in extent during the first stages of the transverse feeding movement and as the type nears its completion the oscillatory movement gradually decreases in amplitude, ceasing somewhat before the completion of the feeding movement of one member against the other, as indicated by the short line y at the upper portion of the diagram.

Both movements may be uniform through out their whole duration or one may be varied while the other is uniform or they may both be varied. With respect to an appropriate inter-relation 1 f nd good results to follow from the gradual reduction in the speed of the transverse feeding movement during the later portion of such movement accompanied by concurrent oscillatory motion, also decreasing in amplitude or extent of vibration during the later stages of the feeding movement, ceasing altogether be fore the feeding movement stops, as shown in the diagram.

For the purpose of reducing the resistance which the metal opposes to the action of the working die, to effectually protect adjacent types and to enable early-formed types to be carried downward into the blank and permit them to be brought to the common type level without the distortion of adjacent surfaces, a predetermined path of least resistance may be formed at the side of each type, as fully set forth in my application, Serial No. 57,934, filed by me April 29, 1901, to which reference may be made for a more detailed description.

The type forming instrumentalities or dies used in carrying out the present im provemems will be of suitable form and construction. and for the pureose of reference those shown herein are designated in a general way by D. hese dies D are, as represented in the drawings attached to the present specification, adapted for the formation of a type-block or column designated in a general way by F), connected integrally with the stock of theblank, and separated by a notch 61 from an icent type-block. The several dies I) may be adjusted and brought into proper relation to the blank supported in the holder ll by hand or by mechanism or by any other means operated or operating to obtain the desired sequence in type composition. The dies, as an instance of a device, for their convenient manipulation, may be mounted upon the periphcry of a die-carrier, shown in the form of a wheel or disk and desi rted in a general way by X, whose shaft C is rotatably mounted upon an appropriate supporting carrier (not shown) which may be a rotary carrier, rotatable about an axis (not shown). The progressive movement of this die-carrier a selected die D is brought into juxtaposition to the blank is thus an orbital movement comoined with a rotary movement about its own axis and the die during this combined movement of the die-carrier traces a curve which is in the nature of a cycloid. It may be here stated that it is while the die is in contact with the blank that the transverse feeding movement and oscillation of the blank takes place.

Tl'ie previously mentioned retaining wall, operating to confine the movement of the material endwise of the blank is, as set forth in the drawings accompanying the present specification, made integral with the die,- that is, this wall andv the die are made as a single operative tool, the wall being desig nated by 8.

The action to which the material under the die is subjected, considered in its entirety, as a result of the oscillatory movement herein described, when the blank is under the compression of the die, may be descri 36d as a rolling action. ills the die advances into the. material of the blank and the latter is oscillated from side to side, more and more of the material is forced into the die cavity and subjected to the forging and swaging actions of the walls and faces of the cavity. More and more of the mater'al necessary to build up and form the type-block as the edges at the outer end of the die alternately bite afresh into the blank, is forced or squeezed upward into the die and under the impact and pressure of the interior faces thereof, the relative inclination of these faces and the surfaces of the mass changes by reason of the relative oscillatory movement, the material is forged or wrought to form while the faces at the bottom of the die serve to swage the upper portion of the type-block to shape. In other words, the action to which the material is subjected is one effecting a gradual reduction thereof and operating to compact the material of the typeblock and render the surfaces smooth and unbroken and connect them one with the other in a manner precisely conforming to the bounding edges or lines of intersection between the planes of the corresponding faces of the dies. Moreover, the forging operation results in the strengthening of the integral connection of the block with the stock of the blank.

A particular feature of the present method of forming types consists in oscillating the blank about a longitudinal axis adjacent to its upper edge which is in itself capable of being oscillated about the entire longitudinal axis. This main axis, as previously stated, is located adjacent to or in common level of the types in the finished typebar, and as this level is somewhat below the extreme edge of the blank, it is obvious that during the first stages of the type-formation, this edge oscillates to some extent about this main axis. For the purpose of increasing the forging and other operations to which the material is subjected, I alternate this axis to and fro in the practice of the present invention, thus, con tinu ally changing the surface or point of contact of the working-die with the mass therein from side to side as the die sinks into the blank.

If the main axis of oscillation were fixed and located somewhat below the extreme upper edge of the blank, it is evident, that as the type nears its finished condition, the angular motion of this edge grows less and less until finally, when the type is completed, the impression surface simply rocks about this axis, if the axis is situated within that surface. It may be desirable under some circumstances to give a greater range of movement to this edge for the purpose, especially, of increasing the forging action exerted by the side face and walls of the die. Preferably, however, this oscillatory or alternating movement of the main axis of oscillation of the blank will be suppressed sometime prior to the completion and finishing of the type.

I find it convenient to remove those portions of the edge of a blank on opposite sides of the type-block and adjacent to the sides of the working die as also the material which lies between the segment of the blank edge under the die and the adjacent type-block quired, that is, at the sides of the die and in the space between, the finished and contiguous type, and what will ultimately be the next type, a relatively fixed surface or surfaces which, as a result of the oscillatory motion, works the material under it outwardly by pressing on the same. Such surfaces, it is evident, may be independent of the die, but, for the sake of convenience of construction and operation, they are connected therewith and may be in fact formed by the surfaces of integral extensions of the die-body.

Some suitable mechanism for accomplishing the various movements to which the blank and die are subjected, is provided, there being shown in a conventional way in the present drawings various elements of such a mechanism. For instance, to permit of the oscillation of the main axis of oscillation of the blank holder, the studs may be mounted in a frame, designated in a general way by F, pivoted by a pivot rodf to slidable members 1 1, "i l, which are mounted in suitable guideways to permit of their motion toward and away from the die carrier.

From what has already been said and from the fact that the present die-carrier is fixed endwise, it is evident that the blank holder must be adapted to have a longitudinal motion imparted to it to bring successive portions of the blank contained therein under the die-carrier, and for the convenient attainment of this feed motion the guideways for the members 14, 14, are formed in uprights 15, 15, extending from a carriage designated in a general way by G, which is mounted in a guide recess, provided in a suitable bedplate I, in which it is retained and confined to its rectilinear movement by gibs 16, 16.

Some suitable device is employed for moving the work-holder and its various associated parts toward the die-carrier, there being shown in the present drawings a device for this purpose embodying a pair of slides 17, 17, mounted to move transversely to the direction of the longitudinal feeding movement of the carriage in suitable guideways therein, each slide being provided with an inclined portion 17 entering a correspondingly inclined recess in the corresponding member 14. Evidently, a motion of the slides back and forth will impart to the members 14, 14 and consequently to the work holder, a motion toward and away from the die-carrier, and as a means for causing this to-and-fro iovement of the slides, each slide is provided with a rack portion 18 whose teeth en gage with the teeth of a corresponding pini011 19 both of which pinions are secured to a shaft 20 journaled in suitable uprights upon the carriage. This shaft extends longitudinally of the blank-holder and may be actuated by any suitable means.

in oscillator designated by N may be provided for imparting an oscillatory or vibratory motion to the frame F while an oscillator designated by N may be utilized for oscillating the blank-holder to swing the latter about the main axis of oscillation. A feed screw L engaging with the projection Z extending from the carriage, indicates in a general way a mechanism which may be utilized for feeding the carriage longitudinally.

It will be noticed from an examination of Figs. to 9, inclusive, that the arc of oscillation i)'v, of the lower edge of the blank is very considerably longer than the corresponding are measured by the distance 2, z of the upper edge. This is preferably so to effect a rolling of the surplus material on the edge of the blank sidewise of the latter without injury to the material in the die-cavity and which is being wrought to shape. If, now, the excursion of the lower edge is performed in substantially the same time as the upper, but in an opposite direction, the resultant motion for small angles of oscillation will be that of oscillation about a substantially fixed axis lying between the two axes and whose nearness to the upper axis de pends upon the relative lengths of the two paths traced by the oppositely moving edges of the blank. If, however, this motion is in the same direction, and the two motions reach their extreme limits in substantially the same time, the mavementwill be that oscillation about an axis located outside or beyond the pivotal portions. On the other hand, if both edges move at the same rate and through the same distance in the same direction, the movement will be that of simple translation, alternating first in one direction and then in the opposite. By varying the conditions,that is, the time, extent, the relative direction of the motion, etc., any desired character or oscillatory movement within certain limits can be obtained, but, according to the preferred mode of operation employed in practicing the present improve ments, the resulting oscillatory movement will be such as to eil'ect a slight to-andfro or vibratory movei'nent-of the ain axis of oscillation during a portion of the type-forming operation, sufficient to cause the surface or locality of greatest work to be shifted fro in side to side of the mass within the die.

Having described my invention, 1 claim:

1. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die die and the material concerned in the making of a typablock from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, and terminating such oscillatory movement prior to the completion of the type.

3. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a type-block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, said oscillatory movement decreasing in extent during the later stages of the type-forming operation.

4. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a type-block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, and in feeding the members against each other.

5. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a type-block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro said oscillatory movement decreasing during the type-forming operation, and terminating such oscillatory movement prior to the completion of the type, and in feeding the members against each other.

6. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a type-block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, said oscillatory movement decreasing in extent during the later stages of the typeorming operation, and in feeding the members against each other.

7. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a type-block from side to side and in shift ing the axis of oscillation to and fro during thetype-forming operation, and in feeding the members against each other, with a speed decreasing in the later stages of the type-forming operation.

8. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in impartmg a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a typeblocl from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, and terminating such oscillating movement prior to the completion of the type, and in feeding the members against each other, with a speed decreasing in the later stages of the type-forming operation.

9. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of the type-block from side. to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, which decreases in extent during the later stages of the type-forming operation, and in feeding the members against each other with a speed decreasing in the later stages of the typeforming operation.

10. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in confining endwise of a typebar-blank a portion of the edge thereof, and imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a typeblock from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the typeforming operation.

11. That improvement in the art of male ing types and typebars which consists in confining GIlClWlSG of a typebar-blank a portion of the edge thereof and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a typeblock from side to side and in shift-ing the axis of oscillation to and fro during the typeforming operation, and terminating such oscillatory movement prior to the completion of the type.

12. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in confining endwise of a typebar-blank a portion of the edge thereof and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a typeblocr; from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type- .forming operation, said oscillatory movement decreasing in extent during the later stages of the type-forming operation.

13. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in confining endwise of a typebar-blank a portion of the edge thereof and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a type block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type forming operation, and in feeding the members against each other.

14. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in. confining endwise of a typebanblank a portion of the edge thereof and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of a typeblock from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the typeforming operation, and terminating such oscillatory movement prior to the completion of the type, and in feeding the members against each other.

15. That improvement in the art of mak ing types and typebars which consists in confining endwise of a typebar-blanh a portion of the blank thereof and imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the ma terial concerned in the making of the type block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the typeforming operation, and said oscillatory movement decreasing in extent during the later stages of the type-forming operation, and in feeding the members against each Other.

16. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in confining endwise of a typebar-blanl: a portion of the edge thereof, and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned. in the making of the typeblock from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type forming operation, and in feeding the members against each other, with a speed decreasing in the later stages of the type-forming operation.

17.. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in confining endwise of a typebar-blank a portion of the edge thereof and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the die and the material concerned in the making of the type-block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, and terminating such oscillating movement prior to the com pletion of the type, and in feeding the members against each other, with a speed decreasing in the later stages of the type-forming operation.

18. That improvement in the art of making types and type bars which consists in confining endvv ise of a typeli ar-blank a por tion of the edge thereof and in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to tne die and the material concerned in the making of the type-block from side to side and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during the type-forming operation, which decreases in extent during the later stages of the typeforming operation, and in feeding the members against each other With a speed decreasing in the later stages of the type-forming operation.

19. That improvement in the art of making types and type bars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of the blank While under the compression of the die, and coincidently imparting an oscillatory movement to the lower edge of the blank.

20. T hat improvement in the art of mak ing types and typebars which consists in im parting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of the blank while under the compsession of the die, and coincidently imparting an oscillatory movement of greater extent to the lower edge of the blank.

21. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in im parting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of the blank While under the compression of the die, and coincidently imparting an oscillatory movement to the lower edge of the blank, and feeding blank and die against each other.

22. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of the blank while under the compression of the die, and coincidently imparting an. oscillatory movement of greater extent to the lower edge of the blank and feeding the blank and die against each other.

23. T hat improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of a blank While under the impression of a die, and imparting a coincident oscillatory movement to the lower edge of the blank, decreasing in extent in the later stages of the typeforming operation.

24. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of a blank While under the impression of a die, and imparting a coincident oscillatory movement to the lower edge of the blank, decreasing in extent in the later stages of the type-forming operation, and feeding the blank and die against each other.

25. T hat improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of a blank While under the impression of a die, and imparting a coinci dent oscillatory movement to the loiver edge of the blank, decreasing in extent in the later stages of the type-forming operation, and feeding the blank and die against each other, at a speed decreasing in the later stages of the type-forming operation.

26. '1" hat improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the upper edge of a blank while under the compression of a die, in imparting a coincident oscillatory movement of greater extent to the lower edge of the blank decreasing in amplitude of oscillation during the later stages of the type-forming operations, and in feeding the blank and die against each other at a speed decreasing in the later stages of the operation.

27. ihat improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in oscillating the blank, when under the compression of the die, and simultaneously oscillating the axis of oscillation of the blank.

28. That improvement in the art of makin g types and lines of type, Which consists in subjecting successive portions of the edge of a blank to the Working of successively located dies, in feeding at each Working the typemaking members together and oscillating one of the members, and in shifting the axis of oscillation to and fro during each typeforming operation.

29. That improvement in the art of makin t see and t Ti ebars which consists in imparting a relative oscillatory variable movement to the upper edge of the blank While under the compression of the die and in shifting the axis of oscillation during the compression.

30. That improvement in the art of making types or typebars, which consists in forming the type on the edge of a blank by oscillating the blank in one plane and at the same time moving the axis of oscillation toward the die and also moving it to and fro in said plane.

31. That improvement in the art of mak ing types which consists in relatively oscillating a blank and die upon an axis during the period of type forming compression, and simultaneously oscillating the said axis about another axis.

32. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in effecting a feed movement between a blank and a type-die, imparting a relative lateral oscillatory movement to the upper edge of the blank while under the compression of the die, and coincidently imparting a relatively lateral oscillatory movement to the lower edge of the blank.

33. That improvement in the art of mak ing types and typebars which consists in effecting a feed movement between a blank and a type-die, imparting a relative lateral oscillatory movement to the upper edge of the blank While under the compression of the die, and coincidently imparting a relative lateral oscillatory movement, differing in amplitude from the said oscillatory movement of the upper edge of the blank, to the lower edge of the blank.

34. That improvement in the art of making types and typebars which consists in effecting a relative feed movement between a typebar blank and a type-die, laterally oscillating the upper edge of the blank during such feed movement, and coinuidently lateuoh feed movement, and eoinciclently lat erally oscillating the lower erlge of the blank 10 emlly oscillating he lower edge of the blank. 1 with increased amplitude.

. That lmprovement in the art of 1nal FRANCIS H RICHARDQ.

mg types and typebals \vlueh oons1sts 1n effecting a relative feed movement between a typebar blank and a type-die, laterally oscillating the upper edge of the blank (luring vl' itnesses: 7

FRED. J. DOLE, CHAS. E. Voss. 

